The screw-pump concept is attributed to mathematician and inventor Archimedes (287-212 BCE). If water from one section leaks into the next lower one, it will be continue to travel upwards by the next segment of the screw. This water is then pushed up the tube by the rotating helicoid until finally it pours out from the top of the tube.Īrchimedes screws do not require a perfectly watertight surface between the screw and the pipe, as long as the amount of water scooped with each turn is greater than the amount of water leaking out of each section of the screw per turn. The screw is turned by a windmill or manual labor-in California's case, by a windmill-and as the shaft turns, the bottom end scoops up a volume of water. The Archimedes screw consists of a screw inside a hollow pipe. The screw-pump preserved in California represents a mechanically simple method used for more than a century in the San Francisco Bay Area, from about 1820 to 1930. The wind-driven Archimedes screw-pump was used to recover salt through an age-old process of solar evaporation, which shifted brine from one salt concentrating pond to the one of next higher salinity.
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